Understanding what floods are and why they occur

Recently, heavy rains in the southern state of Tamil Nadu have led to excessive flooding with devastating consequences. Incessant rainfall led to at least five deaths and damaged well over 500 huts. Four houses were also completely destroyed. This was the heaviest rainfall the district has received in years, and it was caused by the north-eastern rains. The capital city, Chennai, was also left flooded. Heavier rainfall is projected over the next few days too, due to the formation of a low-pressure system over the southeast part of the Bay of Bengal. Disaster management and relief forces are working towards making these floods more manageable, and of course, ensuring the safety of people. Floods clearly cause havoc and lead to massive losses, both in lives and property, and disrupt the daily functioning of the flooded region. Read on to learn more about what floods are and what causes them. 

What is a flood?

A flood is essentially an excessive overflow of water which leads to dry land getting submerged. They can be as mild or severe depending on the rain and weather in a particular region- ranging from just a few inches of water to several feet of water. They are studied under the discipline of hydrology.  

How do floods occur?

Floods are generally caused due to heavy rainfall which causes rivers and oceans to overflow their banks. They can also be caused in areas with less or no water bodies, if there is heavy rainfall and an inadequate drainage system. Generally, it takes a few days of high, consistent rainfall to lead to floods. However, there is a specific type of flooding, known as flash floods, which develop over a very short period of time, and occur with zero or no warning at all. These ones lead to the highest loss of life and property. Coastal areas are the most vulnerable to floods when storms, large waves and extremely windy weather lead the sea water onto the land.  

Measures you can take in a flood situation

It is the responsibility of local disaster management forces and media to issue warnings in such situations. As a citizen, it is necessary to keep updated with the news in regards to the flood constantly. It is advised to keep a list of important numbers ready, such as the fire brigade, police and other emergency services. In severe situations, it is best to be prepared with a rucksack filled with food and medication, in case there is a call to evacuate. Having a radio handy can also be beneficial if the power is out. Most importantly, one must remain calm and follow the procedure as outlined by the task force and disaster management force.