All about Theyyam—Kerala’s annual dance festival

Characterised by swaying coconut trees, lush foliage and pristine beaches, Kerala is undoubtedly one of South India’s greatest treasures. Among Kerala’s most intriguing features are its rich cultural traditions, many of which have been passed down and preserved from generation to generation. One such tradition is the Theyyam, which is believed to be 800 years old! Despite its ancient roots, this festival—which combines dance, mime and music—is celebrated with great devotion and gusto even today. 

Here’s your guide to all things Theyyam! 

Theyyam: An Overview
Theyyam is usually celebrated between the months of October and May every year. It’s one of the most stunning and revered art forms of northern Kerala. It holds an almost sacred significance because during Theyyam, it’s believed that immortal spirits temporarily inhabit the performers’ bodies to depict a ritual dance. 

Several musical instruments, such as drums and mini cymbals are used during this dance performance. Interestingly, there are more 400 types of Theyyams, each with its own unique choreography, melody and style! Isn’t that simply mind-blowing? Intricate makeup, enticing headgear and unusual costumes combine to further accentuate the drama and gravitas of the performances.

Dancers present Theyyam performances in Malabar temples, typically in front of the local shrine. As the dances take place on an open stage, on special occasions, people can also watch them in the courtyards of traditional Malabar homes. The Theyyams that are performed yearly are known as ‘Kaliyattam’; they draw sizable audiences in northern Malabar towns, such as Karivalloor, Nileswaram, and Kurumathoor, among others. 

Theyyam: The performance
So, you’re probably wondering how the Theyyam is executed, aren’t you? Let’s find out! 

The performance's opening segment is called ‘Thottam’ or the ‘invocation’. It’s carried out by a male performer, Kolakaran, and his assistants. In this segment, Kolakaran wears a small, red headdress and describes the origin and characteristics of the different Theyyams against the backdrop of dramatic music.  

Next, the performer, Kolakaran, appears in a full-fledged costume and makeup to wow the spectators. At this point, he may enact daring stunts, such as walking through fire, and dance passionately to open a channel for the divine to enter his body. Once the connection has been established, the possessed dancer scatters turmeric powder or rice over the crowd, signifying peace and prosperity for the people. In this way, he blesses his devotees who have gathered there to witness his performance.

The Theyyam performance sounds intense, doesn’t it? Hats off to the talented performers who honour their departed ancestors with so much pride and respect.